The Lottery Short Story Analysis - 1122 Words

â€Å"The Lottery†, a short story by Shirley Jackson reflects humans deepest nature on tradition. Jackson uses routines as a way of illustrating the festival like qualities of the annual lottery. The setting of vibrant colors in the short story conveys a peaceful tone.The characters are portrayed as loving and caring. The ideas of a festival like a lottery, a homey setting and, the peoples actions all help develop the bigger idea. The people and tradition Shirley Jackson in her short story the â€Å"The Lottery,† uses quite ordinary language and details about the people, the lottery, and the setting to create a â€Å"normal† tone that initially disguises her theme that mankind behaves primitively. One of Jacksons big developments is that the†¦show more content†¦Jackson uses gossip as a bonding tool to show how close the people are to create a further surprise irony to the brutality. The activities that take place in the recreation center are parallel to those of a quaint small town. The brutality and barbaric nature of the lottery â€Å"were conducted--as were the square dances, the teen club, the Halloween program--by Mr. Summers, who had time and energy to devote to civic activities.† The majority of people have attended dances in rec centers and brutal murders were not conducted there they were wholesome events meant to bond the community which is the vibe that Jackson intended. Jackson intended was a small community where people are close and comfortable with each other. The activities stated earlier are done by local rec centers close to an average persons home probably done in rec centers near the readers home, which adds an extra layer to the earlier stated conventional nature of the normal civic activities to unusual brutal murder. Jackson uses the everyday normalcy of the people in the lottery to paradox the further brutality. The actual raffle of the lottery is portrayed as a type of annual tradition which makes it seem more natural. The townspeople conduct their business with a black box which has a sentimental value to all of the people so it has remained relatively unchanged through the years. Old and ratty the box remained with wood chips poking out as a safety hazard, but the people keep it as stated inShow MoreRelatedThe Lottery Short Story Analysis962 Words   |  4 PagesDestructive Traditions Within The Lottery Shirley Jacksons The Lottery, raises many questions in the back of a readers mind towards the destructive yet blind rituals of mankind. The Lottery clearly expresses Jacksons feelings concerning mankinds evil nature hiding behind traditions and rituals. As her theme, she shows how coldness and lack of compassion in people can exhibit in situations regarding tradition and values. Jackson presents the theme of the short story with the use of symbols andRead MoreThe Lottery Short Story Analysis1214 Words   |  5 PagesThe short story â€Å"The Lottery† written by Shirley Jackson begins with villagers gathering in the square, between the post office and the bank, to participate in the lottery which is not what it seems like because the story’s surprising ending reveals that Tessie Hutchinson, who draws the slip of paper with the black spot on it is stoned to death when the lottery ends. Shirley Jackson reveals through the use of irony, foreshadow, and symbolism in the story how much people can get caught up in maintainingRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Unknown Citizen And The Short Story The Lottery 1230 Words   |  5 PagesThe Unexpected Truth The Poem Unknown Citizen and the short story The Lottery give examples how people can rebel and conform in different ways. The way these stories were written evokes a lot of emotions, from anger to confusion. In life there are two people in the world, ones who conform to every whim and those who will rebel to create a difference in their society or others. The Unknown Citizen, by W. H. Auden, is about a man who obeys the law and does what needs to done by a normal citizen.Read MoreThe Lottery, By Shirley Jackson974 Words   |  4 Pagesnature. b. Background In the short story â€Å"The Lottery,† the inhabitants of a village participate in a lottery, which is essentially a tradition for them. However, the villagers are oblivious to the true consequences and destructiveness of their death ritual. One June day each year, the lottery is conducted and the â€Å"winner† is violently stoned to death. The very same day, the villagers return home and carry on with their normal day-to-day functions. c. Thesis In â€Å"The Lottery,† Shirley Jackson manipulatesRead More Shirley Jacksons The Lottery 946 Words   |  4 PagesJackson wrote many short stories and even some books. They are more on the dark, witchlike side, however. Kelleher explains that Jackson stated in some interviews that she practiced magic. No one really knows if she was serious while practicing witchcraft or not, but it ended up helping her write her stories http://www.literarytraveler.com/literary_articles/shirley_jackson_bennington.aspx). A major story that throws people for a loop is â€Å"The Lottery†. This was Jackson’s first short story and many peopleRead MoreUse of Symbols in The Lottery by Shirley Jackson981 Words   |  4 PagesMany great authors use symbolism numerous of time in their stories. A symbol is a noun or word that represents a different idea. An author displays the symbols as a hit rather than blurting it out. Symbols are not only used in novels or poems, they are als o used in everyday use. For an example, the American flag has fifty stars on it which each star represents a state. On the other hand, the thirteen stripes plays the part of our thirteen colonies; the beginning of our country. Even with our highRead MoreThe Lottery, By Shirley Jackson And A Rose For Emily By William Faulkner960 Words   |  4 PagesSymbolism in â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson and â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner The use of symbolism is used in literature to enhance writing and add meaning to a story, this is evident in the two short stories â€Å"The Lottery† written by Shirley Jackson and â€Å"A Rose for Emily† written by William Faulkner. With the authors use of symbolism Jackson and Faulkner are able to add depth to their writing in a way that connects with the readers. By adding symbolism to the short stories the authors manageRead MoreThe Unexpected Surprise of Violence1009 Words   |  5 Pagesin her short story â€Å"The Lottery† through the use of irony, symbolism, and denouement. On a summer day in a small town in the short story, â€Å"The Lottery†, Jackson takes advantage of the peaceful environment and adds a convoluted twist through a misleading title and Old Man Warner and his traditions. The title, â€Å"The Lottery†, is viewed as a fortunate phenomenon at first, but once the reader apprehends the story line their viewpoint will never be the same. In the sentence of the short story, TessieRead MoreSymbolism in The Lottery, by Shirley Jackson Essay example1173 Words   |  5 PagesWhen most people play the lottery today, they think about having wealth. Generally, people who win are happy about it whether they win one dollar or a million. The lottery in our society has grown to support education and it is often worth several million dollars. Usually, the winner of the lottery gains a lot of recognition for the money they win. But what would happen if there was a small town where people held a yearly lottery in which the â€Å"winnerâ₠¬  was the member of the town who was not sacrificedRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of The Lottery By Shirley Jackson910 Words   |  4 PagesLiterary Analysis of the Short Story â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson Shirley Jackson explores the subject of tradition in her short story â€Å"The Lottery†. A short story is normally evaluated based on its ability to provide a satisfying and complete presentation of its characters and themes. Shirley describes a small village that engages in an annual tradition known as â€Å"the lottery†. Narrating the story from a third person point of view, Shirley uses symbolism, foreshadowing and suspense to illustrate

History of Astronomy - Rise of Modern in 20th Century

Tycho Brahe has often been called the Father of modern astronomy, and for good reasons. However, I think that title really belongs to Galileo Galilei for his pioneering use of the telescope to magnify the view of the sky. However, Brahe did advance the science more than anyone in the past, simply by using his senses, rather than philosophy to study the sky. The work that Brahe began was continued and expanded by his assistant, Johannes Kepler, whose laws of planetary motion are among the foundations of modern astronomy. There are many other astronomers since Galileo, Brahe, and Kepler who have advanced the science:  Here, in brief, are some of the other bright lights who helped bring astronomy to its current place. Edmund Halley (1656-1742) was a British astronomer who was also a big fan of Sir Isaac Newton. After encouraging Newton to write his Principia, Halley then published it at his own expense. Not stopping to rest on the fame of another, he went on to calculate the orbits of comets, including the one named after him.Sir William Herschel (1738-1822), though born in Germany, was a British astronomer. He discovered Uranus in 1781 coined the word asteroids. He also cataloged about 2,000 nebulae, discovered several satellites of Uranus and Saturn, studied the rotation of planets. Discovered and studied binary stars. He discovered two satellites each orbiting Uranus and Saturn. He studied the rotation period of many planets, the motion of double stars, and nebulae. He cataloged more than 800 double stars and contributed new information on the constitution of nebulae. Herschel was the first to propose that these nebulae were composed of stars. He is considered the founder of sidereal astronomy. Albert Einstein (1879-1955) was a German-born American physicist and Nobel laureate. He may be the most well-known scientist of the 20th century. In 1915, he developed his general theory of relativity, which states that the speed of light is constant and that the curvature of space and the passage of time are linked to gravity. Thinking the universe was unchanging, he inserted a  cosmological constant fudge factor  into his calculations to make them fit his viewpoint.Willem de Sitter: (1872 - 1934), a Dutch astronomer, removed Einsteins cosmological constant from his calculations and used the theory of relativity to show that the universe may always be expanding.Georges-Henri Lemaitre: (1894 - 1966) was not only a Belgian astronomer, he was also a Jesuit priest. Discovering the writings of Russian mathematician, Alexander Friedmann, Lemaitre took his solution for an expanding universe and theorized that if the universe is expanding, if we follow it back to the starting point, th en our universe began as a great cosmic egg which exploded and expanded outward. Lemaitre is often referred to as the father of the Big Bang theory.Edwin P Hubble (1889-1953), American Astronomer. In the 1920s, Albert Einstein stated, I have made my greatest blunder. This pronouncement came when Hubble  demonstrated that the universe was not static and Einsteins cosmological constant was not necessary. Utilizing improved telescopic devices, he was also able to confirm that those fuzzy objects astronomers had seen for years were in fact other galaxies.Thomas Gold (1920 - 2004) was an American astronomer. Though it is generally believed that Golds steady state theory of the universe is incorrect, he made many major contributions to our knowledge of the universe, including the nature of pulsars as rotating neutron stars, and the origin of planetary hydrocarbons. These are just a few of the astronomers and their findings in the pre- and early 20th century history of astronomy. There have been and are many other great brains in the field of astronomy, but its time to get away from history for now. Well meet some of these other astronomers throughout the rest of our lessons. Next, well look at numbers. Fourth Lesson Big Numbers Lesson 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 Edited and updated by Carolyn Collins Petersen.

How technology enhances the physical education curriculum...

How technology enhances the physical education curriculum In order to improve the physical education curriculum educators must incorporate technology to enhance computer literacy, develop software that complements physical education and integrate technology to enhance performance. The world we live in today is filled with technological advancements and we are only going to become more and more technologically oriented as a society in the future. These new advancements in technology are improving our lives and making things possible we had never thought possible before now. As well as these changes in our daily lives, technology has also changed the face of education, specifically physical education. As educators searching for the best†¦show more content†¦A great deal of video games and television shows require little or no physical activity. This causes children to sit around continuously and get fatter and fatter. Because of these poor health conditions of these children â€Å"Researchers in the United Kingdom state that this ge neration of children will be the first generation to die before their parents because of health issues stemming from obesity.† (Walking Towards Health and Fitness, 2004). It is imperative that as physical educators we must do all that we can do to help stop childhood obesity. Technology and the use of the Internet are now helping in many ways to try and get children more active and decrease inactivity. Many people blame technology as the cause of this inactivity. However, we live in a technological society so we much use it to help us correct this problem. In today’s world computers and the Internet as well as many other aspects of technology will most likely play an integral role in the careers of our pupils. As teachers we must try to integrate technology into as many aspects of the educational system as possible in order to allow children to become computer savvy and give them the edge in their field. In order to accomplish this we can incorporate technologyShow MoreRelatedIpads Vs. Pe Curriculum1406 Words   |  6 Pages Due to the education apps available for the iPads, they are currently seen as a means to view content, however, within Science, teachers have reported utilising the iPad to alter and create new content to support the curriculum (Stoll Beattey, 2011). The literature supports the usage of iPads to support the PE curriculum, in particular dealing with science and movement (Lee S. M., Burgeson, Fulton, Spain, 2007).It can be concluded that iPads are a more beneficial and effective material whenRead MoreThe Impact of Technology on Student Learning in Physical Education 1085 Words   |  4 Pagescompiled from my literature review on the impact of technology on student learning in Physical Education. Thesis statement: Technology impacts student learning by motivating students to remain focused and physically engaged for longer durations in Physical Education. I will discuss factors influencing the topic, shifts in perspectives, basic assumptions that have guided this work, how the trend is being studied, and existing gaps in research and how filling those gaps would improve my profession. WhatRead MoreTechnology s Impact On Young Children1465 Words   |  6 Pagesstructure. It is believed that the use of technology can alter the wiring of the brain (Taylor 2012). When children are exposed to technology, it may condition the brain to pay attention to multiple stimuli; as a result become more distracted and cause decreased memory. Technology also hinders a child’s ability to empathise. They are less likely to pick up on non verbal cues, emotions, and awareness of expressions. Therefore, children with less physical contact tend to have trouble developing socialRead MoreThe Creative Curriculum Program Is An Effective Learning Style981 Words   |  4 PagesThe Creative Curriculum program is an effective learning style that assists preschool children ranging from ages 3 to 5 years old. Founded by a former preschool teacher, Diane Trister Dodge, this early childhood education program with a comprehensive curriculum is structured to be directed by the teacher, but in itiated by the children. The philosophy of the Creative Curriculum is to allow the children to learn at their best efforts in an environment that is safe and open for exploration. Child centersRead MoreThe Academy Of Business And Entrepreneurship Charter School1408 Words   |  6 PagesI. SCHOOL DESIGN The Academy of Business and Entrepreneurship Charter School is a K-12 model school utilizing a unique combination of PA Common Core Standards aligned curriculum and specialized programming with a focus on developing 21st Century skills to prepare students for their post- secondary goals. It will open its doors in 2014, starting with 240 students in grades K-5 and add a grade a year to reach K-9 during the course of the initial charter. However, as the model is envisioned as a fullRead MoreHow Technology Has Revolutionized Education1076 Words   |  5 PagesTechnology and education can be a powerful combination/Technology has revolutionized education for the better. However, rather than completely embracing the modern trend of learning, many institutions have instigated limitations on the use of technology in an academic setting. It can potentially do students a disservice if used inappropriately. Conversely, class-oriented electronic devices including overhead projectors, computers, laptops, and assistive equipment for special education can be veryRead MoreAn Age Of Multimedia Authoring1461 Words   |  6 Pagesage of advancing technology it is widely researched and recognised that children from a very young age are exposed to and competently engage in a range of digital technologies and communications while at home. Over the past two decades, conventional literacy of reading and writing has shifted to multiple forms of multimodal texts, which are changing conventional classrooms into a ‘digital education revolution’. With the research from two national initiatives, the Digital Education Revolution (AustralianRead MoreUsing Tablets in Teaching English as a Second Language1191 Words   |  5 PagesT oday’s education faces a lot of challenges. The swirling changes and developments in teaching and learning all seem promising and yet are still at their infant stages. The Philippines is one of many developing nations that have turned to information and communication technology (ICT) as a tool to improve teaching and learning. Integrating technology in Philippine education has taken a lot of turns. The unprecedented advances in interactivity and multimedia capabilities together with a myriad ofRead MoreTeaching and Learning Rate of Change (Slope) in Senior Secondary Schools in Australia1524 Words   |  7 Pagesstudents at level where they utilise the skills of enquiry, collaboration, hypothesis, deductive reasoning, and experimentation in real-world examples so that misconceptions are be identified for remedial purposes. The use of Information Communication Technologies (ICT) can greatly assist teachers in providing differentiated learning environments to provide maximum lea rning outcomes for the diverse student population. Skemp (1976/2006) defines relational understanding and instrumental understanding andRead MoreIntroduction . Curriculum And Philosophy Have A Profound1102 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Curriculum and Philosophy have a profound effect on the students learning and school environment. It is important that teachers are aware of their philosophy and how their understanding of the curriculum impacts their pedagogy and student – teacher relationship (Ornstein Hunkins, 2017). This essay will explore my pedagogy and philosophy by analysing the curriculum and philosophy of Parkdale Secondary College. For the purpose of this assignment I will be focusing on the year 9 and

Smoking Bans Cut Number Of Heart Attacks - 993 Words

Smoking Bans Allyna Reyna Ms. Piazza English IV, Period 1 November 3, 2015 Smoking Bans cut number of heart attacks, strokes smoking bans quickly and dramatically cut the number of people hospitalized for heart attacks, strokes and respiratory diseases such as asthma and emphysema. Heart attack hospitalizations fell an average of 15% after communities passed laws banning smoking in areas such as restaurants, bars and wore places, according to the largest analysis of smoke-free legislation to date. The analysis included 45 studies covering 33 laws in American cities and states, as well as countries such as New Zealand and Germany. Stroke hospitalizations fell 16%, while hospitalizations for respiratory diseases fell 24%, according to the study, the more comprehensive the law, the greater the impact, says senior author Stanton Glantz, director of the Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education at the University of California-San Francisco. For example, a 2002 law banning smoking only in restaurants in Olmsted County, Minn., had no effect on heart attack s, according to a study also published Monday in the Archives of Internet Medicine. However, heart attacks fell by 33% after a 2007 law that expanded the smoking ban to all workplaces, including bars, according to the report, from Minnesota’s Mayo Clinic How cigarettes became uncool on campus. It has been about four months since signs went up all over Northeastern University announcing a smoking ban on school property.Show MoreRelatedSmoking Must Be Banned from All Public Places Essay653 Words   |  3 PagesSome states have adopted a law that prevents smoking in places like restaurants and bars, but that isn’t far enough. Banning smoking in all public places will significantly improve the health of innocent bystanders, which is something the public should want to strive for. More than 42,000 American die each year from smoking without even lighting up a cigarette, including 900 infants (Wanjek). With these statistics, why should smoking in public be tolerated? Christopher WanjekRead MoreSmoking In Public Places - Is a Public Smoking Ban The Answer?1023 Words   |  5 PagesIs A Public Smoking Ban The Answer? Imagine... you come into a restaurant and are seated in the smoking area, you chose to sit in this area even though you dont smoke and you know the smoke bothers you. A smoker comes in and sits down at the booth next to you and lights up. What do you do? A) Ask the waitress for another location in the non-smoking area. B) Ask the person who just lit a cigarette to kindly put it out? Or C) Get up and leave the restaurant? For many people, this isRead MoreEffects of Smoking Ban Laws Essay1327 Words   |  6 Pages Introduction Smoking bans are policies, which include occupational safety, regulations regarding health, and criminal laws, which prohibit tobacco smoking in public areas and in work places. The rationale behind these laws is to prevent non-smokers from the effects of second-hand smoke that may among other things result in lung cancer, heart diseases, emphysema and many other diseases. Smoking ban laws make smoking indoors in many countries worldwide illegal, with scientific evidence clearly showingRead MoreBans on Smoking in Public Areas1476 Words   |  6 Pagesadd all of these together and then multiply that number by four, you get the number of people that die because of smoking each year! Smoking is the leading preventable cause of death in the U.S. Each year more than 480,000 people die because of smoking. This is just one of the many reasons why I believe that cigarette smoking should be banned in public areas. I will argue this point in three ways. First, I will argue that the health eff ects of smoking are so harmful that cigarettes should not be allowedRead MoreSmoking Should be Banned in Public Places Essays1464 Words   |  6 PagesDuring the past few decades it has come to light that smoking kills. The federal government mandates that every pack of cigarettes carry a warning on it that smoking can lead to health problems including death. But the messages are rather clinical, for example: â€Å"Smoking Causes Lung Cancer, Heart Disease, Emphysema, and May Complicate Pregnancy.† Smoking is a danger to one’s own health but there is now evidence that smoking can affect others as well. Second hand smoke has been shown to cause cancerRead MoreCloud of Smoke Essay example965 Words   |  4 Pagescigarette smoking should be banned from all public places, such as restaurants, bars, clubs and even parks. Smoking is one of the worst human habits that a person can pick up. Still, it is the choice of that individual, whether or not he or she smokes cigarettes. There is freedom of choice. As far as public places go, some do have an option of smoking or non-smoking sections. Yet, this might not be enough for some. These places do very little to separate the smoking and the non-smoking sectionsRead MoreBackground. â€Å"The Tobacco Control And Regulation Of Tobacco1860 Words   |  8 PagesAdvertising† is the Lebanon’s smoking ban stated in number 174 of the law which bans smoking in enclosed public areas such as cafes, restaurants, bars, government buildings and offices. The law was signed by 126 out of 128 members of parliament in August 2011(initial ban) and the legislation was enacted in 2012. But this edict had never been applied due to weak rule of law and practically unstable country like Lebanon. PROBLEM The predicament upon not applying the indoor smoking law has so many seriousRead More7)How To Fight Dental Caries. †¢Eat A Balanced Diet And1410 Words   |  6 Pagesin moderation †¢ drink of water after a sugary or acidic drink to help rinse out mouth †¢ after drinking sugary beverages, don t brush teeth right away, but wait for hour to let teeth recover from acid attack †¢ do not sip a sugary or acidic drink slowly, because you expose your teeth to acid attacks for longer period of the time in this way †¢ never drink sugary or acidic drinks before you go to bed 8) Science experiment- Test the fluoride strength You’ll need: †¢ 2 hard-boiled eggs †¢ FluorideRead MoreThe Cost Of Smoking Cigarettes1833 Words   |  8 Pagesare pivotal in generating more than half of the money they earned from exports, $165 million. So, would we be doing more harm than good by banning the smoking of cigarettes? When investigating the true cost of smoking cigarettes there is an overwhelming amount of research into the multiple effects smoking has on health. The smoke inhaled when smoking a cigarette contains 4,000 compounds which often leave toxic traces in the lungs and other organs. This is one of the biggest contributing factors asRead MoreMarketing Regulations Of Indonesia s Tobacco1146 Words   |  5 Pagescompanies to penetrate the market and aggressively expand their operations. Indonesia is among the five largest producers and exporters of cigarettes in the world (WHO, 2012). In 2011 Indonesia ranked third in the number of male smokers and 17th for female smokers (WHO, 2012). The number of cigarette consumers is the third-largest in the world. In 2008 the consumption of cigarettes in Indonesia was 225 billion sticks, with, on average, 12.8 cigarettes smoked a day (WHO, 2012) Indonesia is the only

Cloud Based IT Solutions Free Essays

For effective team communication, data on cloud is greatly appreciated as it lessens the number of mail threads and attachments. The members are given edit permissions to simultaneously update the file and the administrator can manage the application and the users.Cost Effective and ScalableBuying software and deploying in individual systems involves a lot of money and hardware space. We will write a custom essay sample on Cloud Based IT Solutions or any similar topic only for you Order Now Hence Small Medium sized Enterprises (SMEs) prefer using cloud applications to minimize cost. Other benefits include automatic updates and periodical maintenance, unlimited storage capacity and easy access from any geographical location. Pay-as-you-go model is common on all cloud applications or rather it’s one-time payment and above all the services are scalable according to the end user’s requirement without any impact on the performance. To ensure security measures have been implemented the service provider issues service level agreements (SLAs) to the legitimate users.DisadvantagesAlthough there are lots of pros in cloud computing, one has to accept the fact there can always be an outage or some technical problems. There’s a high risk involved in transferring confidential data to cloud and hence the company’s are expected to make sure their data is secured with their service provider. Hackers steal data from a physical machine through side-channel attack by monitoring the cached data from a virtual machine. Side-channel attacks are a class of attacks where an attacker attempts to assess the state of a cryptographic device and its contents. Botnet attack is yet another crucial issue when malicious codes are injected where the authentic users are denied access. Kourik states â€Å"new vulnerabilities inherent to Cloud computing include breaches from one virtual computing space to another, misappropriation of session security from web protocols, and limited encryption capabilities in many protocols.†(2011) Due to resource pooling, the data entered by the previous user may be retrieved through data recovery and accessed by the current allocated user.The other issues include failure to access data during internet downtime (typically during natural calamities) and flexibility to swap other cloud applications and delayed or no prompt customer support. Although the SLAs are produced by the service provider, the user is bound to do the due diligence periodically as there are possibilities of having difference administrative laws throughout the world. References: ADDIN EN.REFLIST Ali, M., Khan, S. U., Vasilakos, A. V. (2015). Security in cloud computing: Opportunities and challenges. Information Sciences, 305, 357. Anca, A., Florina, P., Geanina, U., George, S., Gyorgy, T. (2014). New Classes of Applications in the Cloud. Evaluating Advantages and Disadvantages of Cloud Computing for Telemetry Applications. Database Systems Journal(1), 3-14. Choo, K.-K. R. (2010). Cloud computing: challenges and future directions.(Trends amp; issues)(Report). Trends amp; Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice, 1. How to cite Cloud Based IT Solutions, Papers

Global Implication

Question: Write an essay on Global Impication. Answer: Oil and gas resources are the most sensitive yet growth oriented sector in international economy. The recent plunge in the oil price across world has been alarming for both oil importing and exporting countries, affecting them in a macro and micro level. The weak global demand aligned with excess supply of oil has resulted in a major price drop, causing extreme pressure to both the financial and production capacity of the oil producing nations. Also causing volatility in currency market affecting capital inflow and investment planning. The report will analyze the economic theory of supply and demand with respect to oil prices, studying impact on both oil importing and exporting countries as well as its influence in overall industrial growth. Introduction Oil prices have experienced stronger fluctuations in the past causing supply as well as demand differential and creating new scope to enhance the market production along with growth in earlier events. The oil market expansion has resulted to another oil plunge since 2014 causing change in the macro economic conditions, driving shock to international economic activity as well as global growth. Background Attaining stability in oil prices from 2010-2014 at around $105 per barrel, the prices have sharply declined since June 2014 to a current level of $38 per barrel in 2016. This fall in price triggered due to increase in supply of oil production followed by fall in demand has negated the behaviour of law of demand and supply due to numerous reasons. ScopeThe study would analyze the micro and macroeconomic factors of the issue causing price fluctuation along with its effect on the business activity around the world. It shall discuss the current domestic as well as global economic issues, implication resulting to such change and industries affecting due to such change.Aim of the reportThe report will conduct a brief review on international oil market, understanding the reason and rate of change in oil prices between the period of 2014 to 2016. The study would also explore how has the plunge in oil outlay has impacted the global performance of oil importing and exporting economies along with the implication of fall in price on international business.International Oil Market ReviewIn the past there has been evidence showing similar fall in oil prices with related magnitude in 1985-1986, this is when the OPEC members has reversed the production done an earlier by imposing cuts. The second incident took place during the economic crises took place in 2008-09 during the period of global financial crises. The reason for the drop in 1985-86 was completely supply driven i.e. excess of supply whereas the in 2008-09 it was short of demand at a global platform. The current plun ge is expected to be the amalgamation of the two (Baffes, et al., 2015).Oil prices Plunge from 2014 2016The oil prices around the world has been dwelling causing an imbalance with in the supply and demand; supply is facing a situation of abundance in oil production whereas the demand of oil is falling down due to the slumping of overall economic growth. The excess of oil production along with other economic factors causes excess production of oil, further affecting fall in oil price to around $60 per barrel in 2015 from $ 105 per barrel in 2014 to $38 per barrel in 2016 (Obstfeld, et al., 2016). Figure 1: Demand and Supply CurveAccording to the law of demand and supply, as supply increases the demand also increase to correct the fall in price whereas in the oil industry the rise in supply leads to falls in demand leading to further fall in the oil price, as shown in the above figure.Global Performance of Oil Price DropThe international slump in the oil prices has occurred due to va rious reasons including the change in the OPEC Policy Decision; Devalue of US currency; Over-supply of Crude Oil; Geopolitical Development and Reducing Demand. Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), cartel of oil producers in the world, considering to control and stabilize the scenario decided to cut-down the oil production in 2014. Indifference between the OPEC countries with regards to reducing the supply where Iran, Venezuela and Algeria agreeing to the decision whereas Gulf and Emirates countries allies to refuse, leading to oversupply (Cashin, et al., 2014). Stronger US Currency US being a major importer of oil has created self-sufficiency through extracting oil and gas from different resources. Countries like USA and Indonesia with a huge domestic consumption of oil have arranged for these resources through domestic production. This results in reducing the market demand of oil against the supply available. The rise in the value of US dollar makes the currency stronger adding further pressure on the oil prices for countries where oil commodity value expressed in $ currency. The higher oil prices in these countries further reduces the demand for oil and higher supply from non US$ suppliers (Du, et al., 2010).Over-supply of Crude OilThe global oil market has witness greater un-anticipated supply and less anticipated demand causing the production from different sources like Shale in US increasing to an upside of 0.9 million barrel per day in 2014 created oversupply in the market. Though the oil supply in 2015 fell to 0.8 million barrel. The economies advancing way to use oil and gas efficiently has further reduced the demand (Frankel, 2014).Geopolitical FactorsThe geopolitical tensions have also had a down-sided effect on oil prices leading to disturbances in Middle East that continue to persist. Libya despite civil conflict recovered its production by 0.5 million barrel per day in 2015. The Iran nuclear deal between Iran and other countries seek to resign, reduce and convert Iran nuclear facility. Such deal would increase Iran oil exporter leading to oversupply of oil (Kilian, 2014).Impact on China Indian economies Oil ImportersOil prices majorly affect the growth rate and inflation in oil import countries, causing direct impact on the importer activity, monetary and fiscal policy response and investment opportunities. The reducing oil prices in oil-importing countries like India has a positive impact by fading the medium-term inflation as well as reducing the financial pressure through external sources; local banks tend to loosen-up t he monetary policy supporting more investment initiatives as well as growth.The benefit of lower price eventually is passed on to the consumers in the form of subsidies on the fuel consumption, in a way giving more spending power to the consumer. Also the lower prices leave less investment returns in the oil sector with regards to production and exploration, causing countries making investment into different sectors. The fall in the oil prices makes sector that are oil dependent such as electricity, transportation, petroleum, packaging, paper etc much more reasonable. This leads to oil-dependent sector moving faster with respect to their growth level, having more supportive conditions for making investment as well as providing better employment opportunities. The consumer in general would have higher disposable incomes in oil-importing countries with lower price scenarios (Kilian, et al., 2009).Impact on Iran Saudi Arabia economies Oil ExporterUn-precedent change in the oil prices has a negative effect on the oil-exporting countries with respect to managing the production at lower prices, causing excessive financial pressure to adjust both the imports as well as government spending on the same hand. The oil-price shock creates insecurity among oil producing countries forcing them to devalue their currency against US$. The oil exporters have dependency on oil earning as a source of their tax revenue to fund government revenue, future investment as well as social funding. Countries like Iran having dependency on oil revenue to support social and economic growth are adversely affected.Countries like Saudi Arabia and UAE are still likely to sustain the shock pertaining to the enough foreign reserve maintained by these countries. Other economies like Russia that are majorly depended on oil and gas industry, accounting for 70% of exports income has faced rapid devaluation of their currency Ruble leading to a continuous recession in the country. Economies like Vene zuela largest oil exporter facing the most difficult economic distress with inflation at the rate of 60% and oil prices falling to the lowest level causing spending cuts as well as subsidy (Kilian Lewis, 2011). Implication of Price fall on International BusinessThe fall in the oil price has received mixed response by industries dependent or non-dependent of the oil price movement. The implication of the fall in price has benefit some industries whereas it has affected some badly.Positive Business Inclination due to change Oil PriceAirline Industry Air passengersThe reduction in the crude oil according to International Air Transport Association has passed on the price differential benefit to the airline industries saving more than $90 billion in US in 2015. The oil price has led airline industry to run more competitively, passing on to the saving to the customer in a way of cost effective air fares and major frequency flights (Peersman Van Robays, 2012). Automobile IndustryThe ove rall automobile industry has been successful in transforming the savings gained from lower prices to the consumers, promoting them to buy heavy vehicles like minivans, SUVs etc (Benes, et al., 2015).Negative Business Inclination due to change in Oil Price Oil producing CountryThe oil producing countries from Russia to Iran where oil acts as a prime source of earning are tend to face deficit, causing financial pressure to meet the government expenses as well as further growth opportunities for their people (Baumeister Peersman, 2013).Environment Eco-Friendly TechnologyThe fall in oil price would encourage people to use more vehicles using gas, heat convectors and oil based technology whereas investment required in the green technology fades away (Arezki, et al., 2015). Conclusion The above study highlights the macro and micro economic factors affecting the fall in oil prices both for long as well as short run. The decline is significant reasoning to factors including OPEC policy objective, Geopolitical risks, US currency devalue etc causing macroeconomic, policy as well as financial implications. The micro economic factors can be seen as a result to fall in price through increasing inflation, cost management as well as credit issue causing further fall in demand. Bibliography Arezki, R., Laxton, D. Nurbekyan, A., 2015. An Exploration in the Deep Corners of the Oil Market. IMF Research Bulletin, 16(1), pp. 1-4.Baffes, J., Kose, A. M., Ohnsorge, F. Stocker, M., 2015. The Great Plunge in Oil Prices: Causes, Consequences, and Policy Responses. World Bank Group, Issue 1, pp. 5-12.Baumeister, C. Peersman, G., 2013. The Role of Time-Varying Price Elasticities in Accounting for Volatility Changes in the Crude Oil Market. Bank of Canada Working Paper , pp. 2011-2028.Benes, J., Chauvet, O. Kamenik, D., 2015. The Future of Oil: Geology versus Technology. International Journal of Forecasting, 31(1), pp. 207-221.Cashin, P., Mohaddes, K. Raissi, M., 2014. The differential effects of oil demand and supply shocks on the global economy. Energy Economics, Volume 44, pp. 113-136.Du, L., He, C. Wei, C., 2010. The relationship between oil price shocks and Chinas macro-economy: An empirical analysis. Energy Policy, Volume 8, pp. 4412-4453.Frankel, J., 2014. Why are commo dity prices falling?. Project Syndicate, 15 December. Kilian, I. Lewis, L., 2011. Does the Fed Respond to Oil Price Shocks. Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, Volume 121, pp. 1047-1072.Kilian, L., 2014. Oil Price Shocks: Causes and Consequences. Annual Review of Resource Economic, 2(37), pp. 133-157.Kilian, L., Rebucci, A. Spatafora, N., 2009. Oil shocks and external balances. Journal of International Economics, 3(99), pp. 181-194.Obstfeld, M., Milesi-Ferretti, G. M. Arezki, R. .., 2016. Economist View. [Online] Available at: https://economistsview.typepad.com/economistsview/oil/[Accessed 21 June 2016].Peersman, G. Van Robays, I., 2012. Cross-country differences in the effects of oil shocks. Energy Economics, 34(5), pp. 1532-1555.

Positioning and Communications Strategy for a New Weight Loss Drug free essay sample

Excessive weight has become one of the major issues in todays world. This leads to all sorts of health riskssuch as coronary heart diseases, high blood pressure, diabetes, sleep apnea and many more. Furthermore, a research has shown that death rates from cancer were 52% higher in men and 62 % higher in women with excessive weight than in people with normal weight (Eugenia E. Calle 2003). A large proportion of overweight people have been trying to lose their weight in every possible way. However, not every attempt was successful. Due to that, the pharmaceutical industry has been developing and testing a large variety of medicines that are specifically made to help people with weight issues. One of the newest drugs on the market is Metabical, a prescription drug developed by Cambridge Sciences Pharmaceuticals (CSP). Based on the results from clinical trials, Metabical has been proven effective for weight loss of overweight people. The question is how willMetabicalbe introduced to the market? PULL MARKETING The main idea was to advertise Metabical directly to consumers in order to increase the awareness of the product. This strategy was based on pull marketing where the purpose was to attract the customers and make them approach the supplier or seller first. It is not an assertive way of marketing in comparison to push marketing where a seller calls potential customers on the telephone asking whether they would like to purchase a product they might not actually need. In 1997, the Food and Drugs Administration (FDA) has reduced restrictions on direct-to-consumer-advertising concerning drugs. Therefore, the effect of the pull marketing was tremendously positive for the pharmaceutical industry. (Buckley 2003). It is also visible in a study made by Prevention magazine, where doctors whose patients came and asked for a medicine that they had previously seen being advertised, had the tendency to prescribe that same brand of medicine (even though they had different alternatives in mind). Following pull marketing, the strategy included: advertisements on the internet, television and radio. Moreover, print media was being distributed at the same time as the drug was being launched. This distributionwas continued in the same manner throughoutthe first year of the campaign in order to maintain the brand awareness on a high level. After the initial advertisement strategy, additional 100 000 health care pamphlets were distributed. These pamphletscontained a reply card which, if sent, would provide the sender with a sample of the product. The goal behind this campaign was to show the potential customers that Metabical is suitable for people belonging to the BMI range of 25-30. Body Mass index (BMI) is the most common index used for comparing weight and height. The calculations presents whether the weight is appropriate for the person’s height. If the weight is not appropriate,the person can fall in the group of overweight or underfed (Tim J Cole 2000). As mentioned in the article, an abundanceof weight loss pills were made for obese or severely obese people. However, the group of people with the BMI ranging from 25-30 were not suitable for these pillswhich, consequently, did not have any effect on their weight loss. Additionally, CPS has developed a support programme which will not only help in weight reduction but also help maintaining the healthy lifestyle. One of their key concepts in the campaign was: â€Å"Losing weight is tough. You don’t have to do it alone. Let Metabical and your health care provider start you on the road to a healthy weight and better life. † Regarding the support programme, Printup has developed an online contest to attract more customers to buy theproduct and participate in the contest to win a prize. In this contest each user can join in and compete with other users in reducing BMIs by the highest percentage. Not only Printup was making advertisements for consumers, she also developed a strategy to target medical community where advertisements were placed on online medical websites and also printed out in well-known medical journals. Several events were organized especially for medical experts prior to the product launch, one of which was a roundtable discussion. In order to spread the word of the discussion, coverage of this event was done by leading news organizations. DECISION MAKING One of the decision makers in this case are overweight people with a BMI rangefrom 25 to 30. The problem awareness occurs when the overweight person realizes how dissatisfied he/she is with her body image and how the excessive weight negatively affects health. Once the problem is recognized, the search for additional information begins. Usually the information is searched on the internet (medical forums or specialized medical websites), seen in magazines (advertisements in beauty and health magazines), television or even suggested by family and friends who have tried the product before or know someone who has. Additionally, doctors and other health providers will be asked since their medical knowledge is more reliable than of non-medical experts. After the information was gathered, the alternatives are being evaluated. In this case the alternatives are Alli and Xenical. When evaluating the alternatives certain factors will be considered: ingredients, negative side effects, results from other users and price. Since those 2 drugs have negative side effects and have not been proven effective for people with BMI 25-30, the only option is Metabical. Following the purchase, consumer will require some time to use the product and evaluate whether the product has met the expectations and provided desired results. Other decision makersare medical professionals such as general practitioners. They are aware of increasing obesity issue and other health risks that the overweight patients have. Therefore, they will search for information about the latest trends and new drugs on the market which will help solving these types of problems and acquire data from medical journals, medical seminars and conventions or from pharmaceutical representatives. The data needs to contain reliable facts and provide evidence of actual weight loss and beneficial health effect so the practitioner will be able to confidently prescribe the product. Afterwards, the practitioner will evaluate which drug would be the most suitable for each patient. Since Metabical is approved by FDA and has less negative side effects in comparison to Alli and Xenical, Metabical is the only option. MARKET SEGMENTATION The key success to brand building is market segmentation. Printup should make a thorough research onthe potential target customers and focus on two aspects: demographics and psychographics. Primarily, demographical data concerning the number of overweight people within the country will be needed. Based on those numbers, the proportions of male and female target consumers will be calculated and classified based on age, educational level and income. Different educational levels and incomes affect the consumers’ perception significantly. Additionally, psychographic factors will be analysed. This includes lifestyles, interests and opinions towards certain issues (e. g. There is a certain way on how â€Å"ideal clothing size† is perceived in the fashion industry. A large proportion of teenage girls and adolescents will feel that they do not belong to this category and will attempt to lose weight in order to increase their self-esteem). The Target Customer The optimal target consumer of Metabical are overweight (i. e. BMI of 25 to 30) females aged 25-65. This has been justified by an extensive marketing survey carried out in 2007. They survey results showed that 75% of women, which is eventually 10% more than men, are dissatisfied with their current weight as well as appearance. Additionally, 20% more women than men visited a health care provider for an annual physical exam and 15% more females than males stated they want to change their behaviour in order to live a healthy lifestyle. Furthermore according to the results of the survey, approximately twice as many women had been struggling to lose weight during the 5 years prior to the study and even more importantly, nearly twice the numbers of females were dissatisfied with the weight-loss options the market has to offer. This series of results clearly shows that women are the right gender to target. This argument is supported by a research showing that particular aspects, like for instance being female, increase the probability of drug use in weight management (Hulbert-Williams, Mendieta-Tan, Nicholls 2013). Moreover, concerning the income, women within that age group are most likely to have an appropriate income level to afford a costly prescription weight loss drug which is somewhere between $50,000 and $80,000+. Besides these women of this demographic profile will have a college education (plus) which is also reflected in their attitude towards the weight loss process. Rather than aiming for a quick and easy transformation, they are very much aware that losing the required amount of weight will need an entire lifestyle change, incorporating a balanced nutrition and regular exercise, a change which they are willing to make. These women see losing weight also as a way of ensuring to feel better and lead a longer life. They are motivated and willing to change their current behaviour. This description of the optimal target customer matches Metabical’s marketing message. The drug does not only need a successful demand, but much more a long-term demand, which will most probably be ensured by targeting these types of customers. Of course other demographics will also buy and test the product, which is important especially in the introductory phase, where many kinds of customers are attracted, so this might still call for some amendments of the product. Eventually the product should appeal to both men and women. USP and positioning Having already discussed towards which segment(s) the drug will be targeted, it will be essential to filter a unique selling proposition (USP) for Metabical. One factor would be the simplicity of taking the drug as compared to its competitive products. Metabical should be taken only once per day and not once per meal. This is due to the fact that the combination of calosera and meditonan works in a low-dose formulation producing dramatic weight loss for overweight persons. Another feature is that Metabical had some negative side effects if combined with excess fat and calories in the diet, which influenced a healthier nutrition and lifestyle as desired by the target group. In general, it comes with an entire support program in order to complement the pill. The center of the support system is the website that will be developed and will include: Reference materials, a weight loss tracker, food diary, nutritional and calorie calculator and a forum for personal support. This ensures even better results than from only taking the pill since it supports to maintain the healthy weight in the long run. Eventually Metabical is being presented as brand-new weight-loss option which is approved by FDA and endorsed by physicians. Therefore it also reaches most of those 55% of women who visit the doctor annually and are dissatisfied with weight-loss options on the market. It can only be obtained over prescription which makes it again different to other weight-loss supplements. Having this information, the basis for an effective marketing plan will be the right positioning of the drug. Making it only available over prescription gives it an image of being a special product which is approved by the FDA and it gives credibility to its positive effect since people value this to a great extent. Being placed some time on the market, Metabical should develop to perform very well, making it a highly trusted and the most prescribed weight-loss drug. Communications strategy Metabical needs to be communicated to two target audiences, end users and health care providers who write the prescriptions for the drug. As already discussed, the target market consists of overweight females between the age of 25 and 65. The most effective way would be to make use of various communication tools in order consolidate the message of Metabical’s importance. These tools would be a combination of television, radio, different print media and online advertising. Starting with print advertising, pamphlets as well as medical and other health related magazines will be used to place articles and other necessary information about the pill in order to create initial awareness. These print mediums will be placed at doctors’ offices, medical clinics, weight loss facilities and other relevant institutions that promote weight loss and a healthy lifestyle. The should contain the necessary information including the invitation to act, i. e. contact the health care provider to receive more information about the prescription of the drug. Online ads should be effectively placed in order to reach women within the defined target group who are actively searching for weight loss options. Success rates can be measured by number of clicks on the advertisement. Since advertising on the radio but much more on TV is rather costly, these mediums will be used only shortly before the release of the drug, which will also create some kind of drive or hype around the drug. Channels that will be targeted are news channels, health related channels and also channels that women watch frequently in order to reach our target market. Advertising would need to be very heavy at the time of Metabical’s launch and during the first year to establish the name of the drug. The advertising message itself must address the issue of the danger of being overweight. â€Å"Those extra 20 pounds could be killing you. Being overweight leads to heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, and gallbladder disease. It’s time to get healthy – Let Metabicalguide you to a happier, healthier you. † would be a suitable message. Additionally it is important to ensure that the FDA approval is also communicated to the target market so that the record is set straight and no initial concerns are likely to arise. The communication to the medical community will be tailored differently. The major source of information will be print ads in popular medical publications and online ads on websites where health care providers receive most of their information about drugs. Information has to be provided about what is behind the drug, i. e. the RD phase, but also how to comply with the regulations meaning prescription of the drug; as well as possible side effects. If we want to bring in the â€Å"shocking† effect here as well, the right message would be â€Å"Atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, and gallbladder disease. Your overweight patients are dying for help. Introducing Metabical – FDA Approved Weight loss drug. The end of the message gives credibility to the product by stating that the FDA approves the drug. It is essential to be equally successful in the marketing to doctors as patients because if the Medical Community accepts the drug as an effective and safe method of losing weight, more and more doctors will recommend it to patients and positive PR will follow.